Língua Estrangeira (Inglês I)
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Quotes of the Day
Friday, Sep. 02, 2011
“There probably was a shortage of not just respect and boundaries but also love. But you do need, when they cross the line and break the law, to be very tough.”
British Prime Minister DAVID CAMERON, arguing that those involved in the recent riots in England need “tough love” as he vows to “get to grips” with the country’s problem families.
Disponível em: www.time.com. Acesso em: 5 nov. 2011 (adaptado).
A respeito dos tumultos causados na Inglaterra em agosto de 2011, as palavras de alerta de David Cameron têm como foco principal
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DONAR. Disponível em: http://politicalgraffiti.wordpress.com. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2011.
Cartuns são produzidos com o intuito de satirizar comportamentos humanos e assim oportunizam a reflexão sobre nossos próprios comportamentos e atitudes. Nesse cartum, a linguagem utilizada pelos personagens em uma conversa em inglês evidencia a
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I, too
I, too, sing America.
I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.
Tomorrow,
I’ll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody’ll dare
Say to me,
“Eat in the kitchen,”
Then.
Besides,
They’ll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed
I, too, am America.
HUGHES, L. In: RAMPERSAD, A.; ROESSEL, D. (Ed.) The collected poems of Langston Hughes. New York: Knopf, 1994.
Langston Hughes foi um poeta negro americano que viveu no século XX e escreveu I, too em 1932. No poema, a personagem descreve uma prática racista que provoca nela um sentimento de
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23 February 2012 Last update at 16:53 GMT BBC World Service
Author J. K. Rowling has announced plans to publish her first novel for adults, which will be “very different” from the Harry Potter books she is famous for.
The book will be published worldwide although no date or title has yet been released. “The freedom to explore new territory is a gift that Harry’s sucess has brought me,” Rowling said.
All the Potter books were published by Bloomsbury, but Rowling has chosen a new publisher for her debut into adult fiction. “Although I’ve enjoyed writing it every bit as much, my next book will be very different to the Harry Potter series, which has been published so brilliantly by Bloomsbury and my other publishers around the world,” she said, in a statement. “I’m delighted to have a second publishing home in Little, Brown, and a publishing team that will be a great partner in this new phase of my writing life.”
Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk. Acesso em: 24 fev. 2012 (adaptado).
J. K. Rowling tornou-se famosa por seus livros sobre o bruxo Harry Potter e suas aventuras, adaptados para o cinema. Esse texto, que aborda a trajetória da escritora britânica, tem por objetivo
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GLASBERGEN, R. Today‘s cartoon. Disponível em: http://www.glasbergen.com. Acesso em: 23 jul. 2010.
Na fase escolar, é prática comum que os professores passem atividades extraclasse e marquem uma data para que as mesmas sejam entregues para correção. No caso da cena da charge, a professora ouve uma estudante apresentando argumentos para
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(ENEM 2011 - Língua Inglesa - 1ª Aplicação).
Going to university seems to reduce the risk of dying from coronary heart disease. An American study that involved 10 000 patients from around the world has found that people who leave school before the age of 16 are five times more likely to suffer a heart attack and die than university graduates.
World Report News. Magazine Speak Up. Ano XIV, no 170. Editora Camelot, 2001.
Em relação às pesquisas, a utilização da expressão university graduates evidencia a intenção de informar que
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(ENEM 2011 - Língua Inglesa - 1ª Aplicação).
For an interesting attempt to measure cause and effect try Mappiness, a project run by the London School of Economics, which offers a phone app that prompts you to record your mood and situation.
The Mappiness website says: “We‘re particularly interested in how people‘s happiness is affected by their local environment — air pollution, noise, green spaces, and so on — which the data from Mappiness will be absolutely great for investigating.”
Will it work? With enough people, it might. But there are other problems. We‘ve been using happiness and well-being interchangeably. Is that ok? The difference comes out in a sentiment like: “We were happier during the war.” But was our well-being also greater then?
Disponível em: http://www.bbc.co.uk. Acesso em: 27 jun. 2011 (adaptado).
O projeto Mappiness, idealizado pela London School of Economics, ocupa-se do tema relacionado
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War
Until the philosophy which holds one race superior And another inferior Is finally and permanently discredited and abandoned, Everywhere is war – Me say war.
That until there is no longer First class and second class citizens of any nation, Until the color of a man’s skin Is of no more significance than the color of his eyes – Me say war. […]
And until the ignoble and unhappy regimes that hold our brothers in Angola, in Mozambique, South Africa, sub-human bondage have been toppled, Utterly destroyed – Well, everywhere is war – Me say war.
War in the east, war in the west, War up north, war down south – War – war – Rumors of war. And until that day, the African continent will not know peace. We, Africans, will fight – we find it necessary – And we know we shall win As we are confident in the victory. […]
MARLEY, B. Disponível em: http://www.sing365.com. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2011 (fragmento)
Bob Marley foi um artista popular e atraiu muitos fãs com suas canções. Ciente de sua influência social, na música War, o cantor se utiliza de sua arte para alertar sobre
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Disponível em: http://www.garfield.com. Acesso em: 29 jul. 2010.
A tira, definida como um segmento de história em quadrinhos, pode transmitir uma mensagem com efeito de humor. A presença desse efeito no diálogo entre Jon e Garfield acontece porque
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Viva la Vida
I used to rule the world
Seas would rise when I gave the word
Now in the morning and I sleep alone
Sweep the streets I used to own
I used to roll the dice
Feel the fear in my enemy’s eyes
Listen as the crowd would sing
“Now the old king is dead! Long live the king!”
One minute I held the key
Next the walls were closed on me
And I discovered that my castles stand
Upon pillars of salt and pillars of sand
[…]
MARTIN, C. Viva la vida, Coldplay. In: Viva la vida or Death and all his friends. Parlophone, 2008.
Letras de músicas abordam temas que, de certa forma, podem ser reforçados pela repetição de trechos ou palavras. O fragmento da canção Viva la vida, por exemplo, permite conhecer o relato de alguém que
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THE WEATHER MAN
They say that the British love talking about the weather. For other nationalities this can be a banal and boring subject of conversation, something that people talk about when they have nothing else to say to each other.
And yet the weather is a very important part of our lives. That at least is the opinion of Barry Gromett, press officer for The Met Office. This is located in Exeter, a pretty cathedral city in the southwest of England. Here employees — and computers — supply weather forecasts for much of the world.
Speak Up. Ano XXIII, no 275.
Ao conversar sobre a previsão do tempo, o texto mostra
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Disponível em: http://www.chris-alexander.co.uk/1191. Acesso em: 28 jul. 2010 (adaptado).
Definidas pelos países membros da Organização das Nações Unidas e por organizações internacionais, as metas de desenvolvimento do milênio envolvem oito objetivos a serem alcançados até 2015. Apesar da diversidade cultural, esses objetivos, mostrados na imagem, são comuns ao mundo todo, sendo dois deles:
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Disponível em http://www.meganbergdesigns.com/andrill /iceberg07/postcards/index.html. Acesso em: 29 jul. 2010 (adaptado).
Os cartões-postais costumam ser utilizados por viajantes que desejam enviar notícias dos lugares que visitam a parentes e amigos. Publicado no site do projeto ANDRILL, o texto em formato de cartão-postal tem o propósito de
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Do one thing for diversity and inclusion
The United Nations Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC) is launching a campaign aimed at engaging people around the world to Do One Thing to support Cultural Diversity and Inclusion. Every one of us can do ONE thing for diversity and inclusion; even one very little thing can become a global action if we all take part in it.
Simple things YOU can do to celebrate the World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development on May 21.
1. Visit an art exhibit or a museum dedicated to other cultures.
2. Read about the great thinkers of other cultures.
3. Visit a place of worship different than yours and participate in the celebration.
4. Spread your own culture around the world and learn about other cultures.
5. Explore music of a different culture.
There are thousands of things that you can do, are you taking part in it?
UNITED NATIONS ALLIANCE OF CIVILIZATIONS. Disponível em: www.unaoc.org. Acesso em: 16 fev. 2013 (adaptado).
Internautas costumam manifestar suas opiniões sobre artigos on-line por meio da postagem de comentários.
O comentário que exemplifica o engajamento proposto na quarta dica da campanha apresentada no texto é:
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After prison blaze kills hundreds in Honduras UN warns on overcrowding 15 February 2012
A United Nations human rights official today called on Latin American countries to tackle the problem of prison overcrowding in the wake of an overnight fire at a jail in Honduras that killed hundreds of inmates.
More than 300 prisoners are reported to have died in the blaze at the prison, located north of the capital, Tegucigalpa, with dozens of others still missing and presumed dead. Antonio Maldonado, human rights adviser for the UN system in Honduras, told UN Radio today that overcrowding may have contributed to the death toll. “But we have to wait until a thorough investigation is conducted so we can reach a precise cause,” he said. “But of course there is a problem of overcrowding in the prison system, not only in this country, but also in many other prisons in Latin America.”
Disponível em: www.un.org. Acesso em: 22 fev. 2012 (adaptado).
Os noticiários destacam acontecimentos diários, que são veiculados em jornal impresso, rádio, televisão e internet. Nesse texto, o acontecimento reportado é a
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National Geographic News
Christine Dell' Amore
Published April 26, 2010
Our bodies produce a small but steady amount of natural morphine, a new study suggests. Traces of the chemical are often found in mouse and human urine, leading scientists to wonder whether the drug is being made naturally or being delivered by something the subjects consumed. The new research shows that mice produce the “incredible painkiller”— and that humans and other mammals possess the same chemical road map for making it, said study co-author Meinhart Zenk, who studies plant-based pharmaceuticals at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center in St. Louis, Missouri.
Disponível em: www.nationalgeographic.com. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2010.
Ao ler a matéria publicada na National Geographic para a realização de um trabalho escolar, um estudante descobriu que
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(ENEM 2013 - Língua Inglesa - 1ª Aplicação).
Steve Jobs: A life Remembered 1955-2011
Readersdigest.ca takes a look back at Steve Jobs, and his contribution to our digital world.
CEO. Tech-Guru. Artist. There are few corporate figures as famous and well-regarded as former-Apple CEO Steve Jobs. His list of achievements is staggering, and his contribution to modern technology, digital media, and indeed the world as a whole, cannot be downplayed.
With his passing on October 5, 2011, readersdigest.ca looks back at some of his greatest achievements, and pays our respects to a digital pioneer who helped pave the way for a generation of technology, and possibilities, few could have imagined.
Disponível em: www.readersdigest.ca. Acesso em: 25 fev. 2012.
Informações sobre pessoas famosas são recorrentes na mídia, divulgadas de forma impressa ou virtualmente.
Em relação a Steve Jobs, esse texto propõe
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The record industry
The record industry is undoubtedly in crisis, with labels laying off employees in continuation. This is because CD sales are plummeting as youngsters prefer to download their music from the Internet, usually free of charge.
And yet it´s not all gloom and doom. Some labels are in fact thriving. Putumayo World Music, for example, is growing, thanks to its catalogue of ethnic compilation albums, featuring work by largely unknown artists from around the planet.
Putumayo, which takes its name from a valley in Colombia, was founded in New York in 1993. It began life as an alternative clothing company, but soon decided to concentrate on music. Indeed its growth appears to have coincided with that of world music as a genre.
Speak Up. Ano XXIII, nº 275 (fragmento).
A indústria fonográfica passou por várias mudanças no século XX e, como consequência, as empresas enfrentaram crises. Entre as causas, o texto da revista Speak Up aponta
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The six-year molars
The six-year molars are the first permanent teeth. They are the “keystone” of the dental arch. They are also extremely susceptible to decay.
Parents have to understand that these teeth are very important. Over 25% of 6 to 7 year old children have beginning cavities in one of the molars.
The early loss of one of these molars causes serious problems in childhood and adult life. It is never easy for parents to make kids take care of their teeth. Even so, parents have to insist and never give up.
Módulo do Ensino Integrado: Fundamental, Médio e Profissional - DCL.
O texto aborda uma temática inerente ao processo de desenvolvimento do ser humano, a dentição.
Há informação quantificada na mensagem quando se diz que as cáries dos dentes mencionados
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(ENEM 2010 - Língua Inglesa - 2ª Aplicação).
Hip hop music
Hip hop music is a musical genre which developed as part of hip hop culture, and is defined by key stylistic elements such as rapping, DJing, sampling (or synthesis), scratching and beatboxing. Hip hop began in the South Bronx of New York City in the 1970s. The term rap is often used synonymously with hip hop, but hip hop denotes the practices of an entire subculture.
Disponível em: http://en.wikipedia.org. Acesso em: 8 jul. 2010.
Brazilian hip hop is one of the world’s major hip hop scenes, with active rap, break dance, and graffiti scenes, especially in São Paulo, where groups tend to have a more international style, influenced by old school hip hop and gangsta rap.
Brazilian rap has served as a reflection of political, social, and racial issues plaguing the disenfranchised youth in the suburbs of São Paulo and Rio. The lyrical content, band names, and song names used by Brazilian hip hop artists often connote the socio-political issues surrounding their communities.
Disponível em: http://en.wikipedia.org. Acesso em: 8 jul. 2010 (fragmento).
Sendo a música uma das formas de manifestação cultural de um país, o rap brasileiro, a partir das informações do texto, tem sido caracterizado
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Crystal Ball
Come see your life in my crystal glass –
Twenty-five cents is all you pay.
Let me look into your past –
Here’s what you had for lunch today:
Tuna salad and mashed potatoes,
Collard greens pea soup and apple juice,
Chocolate milk and lemon mousse.
You admit I’ve got told it all?
Well, I know it, I confess,
Not by looking, in my ball,
But just by looking at your dress.
SILVERSTEIN, S. Falling up. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1996.
A curiosidade a respeito do futuro pode exercer um fascínio peculiar sobre algumas pessoas, a ponto de colocá-las em situações inusitadas. Na letra da música Crystal Ball, essa situação fica evidente quando é revelado à pessoa que ela
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Disponível em: http://www.weblogcartoons.com. Acesso em: 13 jul. 2010.
Os aparelhos eletrônicos contam com um número cada vez maior de recursos. O autor do desenho detalha os diferentes acessórios e características de um celular e, a julgar pela maneira como os descreve, ele
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Last Monday was a really awful day. I got to school late because I had missed the bus. Then I had a Math test and did badly because I hadn’t studied for it. Things went from bad to worse: while I was waiting for the bus home I realised I had lost my money so I had to walk home. I really wanted to go to the cinema with my parents that evening but by the time I got home they had already gone out. I put my dinner in the oven, went to watch TV and fell asleep. When I woke up an hour later, there was a terrible smell and smoke coming up the stairs: I had forgotten to take my dinner out of the oven.
ACEVEDO, A.; GOWER, M. High Flyer. Longman, 199
A intenção do narrador, nesse texto, é
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Mary Mac’s mother’s making Mary Mac marry me.
My mother’s making me marry Mary Mac.
Will I always be so Merry when Mary’s taking care of me?
Will I always be so merry when I marry Mary Mac?
(from a song by Carbon Leaf)
Disponível em: http://www.uebersetzung.at. Acesso em: 27 jun. 2011.
O trava-língua, além de funcionar como um exercício de pronúncia, também pode abordar assuntos relacionados à sociedade. No texto, o tema abordado refere-se
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Slumdog Millionaire
Danny Boyle’s “Slumdog Millionaire” hits the ground running. This is a breathless, exciting story, heartbreaking and exhilarating at the same time, about a Mumbai orphan who rises from rags to riches on the strength of his lively intelligence. The film’s universal appeal presents the real India to millions of moviegoers for the first time.
The real India, supercharged with a plot as reliable and eternal as the hills. The film’s surface is so dazzling that you hardly realize how traditional it is underneath. But it’s the buried structure that pulls us through the story like a big engine on a short train. By the real India, I don’t mean an unblinking documentary like Louis Malle’s “Calcutta” or the recent “Born Into Brothels.” I mean the real India of social levels that seem to be separated by centuries. What do people think of when they think of India? On the one hand, Mother Teresa, “Salaam Bombay!” and the wretched of the earth. On the other, the “Masterpiece Theater”-style images of “A Passage to India,” “Gandhi” and “The Jewel in the Crown.”
The film uses dazzling cinematography, breathless editing, driving music and headlong momentum to explode with narrative force, stirring in a romance at the same time.
EBERT, R. Disponível em: http://rogerebert.suntimes.com. Acesso em: 11 abr. 2011 (adaptado).
O texto trata do premiado filme indiano “Slumdog Millionaire”. Segundo a resenha apresentada, a história retrata uma Índia real, uma vez que
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Home is where the heart is
The heart of psychosocial care is to be found in the home and it is here that the main trust of external efforts to improve the wellbeing of vulnerable children must be directed. The best way to support the wellbeing of young children affected by HIV/AIDS is to strengthen and reinforce the circles of care that surround children.
Some children — especially those living outside families, on the streets or institutions, with chronically ill caregivers, and orphans — are more vulnerable and especially require psychosocial care and support. However, this social support needs to be provided in family settings, with the same characteristics of commitment, stability, and individualized affectionate care. The primary aim of all psychosocial support programmes should be an encouraging and enabling family support, including foster care, and placing and maintaining young children in stable and affectionate family environments. Only secondarily should direct services be provided to affected children.
RICHTER, L.; FOSTER, G.; SHERR, L. Where the heart is: meeting the psychosocial needs of young children in the context of HIV/AIDS. Holanda: Bernard van Leer Foundation, 2006 (adaptado).
Ao tratar dos problemas psicossociais dos portadores do vírus HIV/AIDS, o texto argumenta que
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Scared fit
My body was telling me things I did not want to hear. In February 2010, my doctor confirmed what my body was telling me. My not feeling well was a result of years of neglecting my body and diet. At 62, I had developed high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and my cholesterol was going through the roof. At 4’ 10” and weighing 227 pounds, the problem was in the mirror looking back at me. My doctor said, “lose weight, start eating healthy, and start exercising if you want to live to a ripe old age”. Needless to say, I was scared I wouldn’t see my grandkids and great-grandkids grow up.
PAZ, A. Disponível em: www.healthandfitnessmag.com. Acesso em: 28 fev. 2012.
No texto Scared fit, que relata a experiência de Amanda de la Paz relacionada aos cuidados com a saúde, a palavra scared faz referência ao seu medo de
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Our currency
Australia was the first country in the world to have a complete system of bank notes made from plastic (polymer). These notes provide much greater security against counterfeiting. They also last four times as long as conventional paper (fibrous) notes.
The innovative technology with which Australian bank notes are produced — developed entirely in Australia — offers artists brilliant scope for the creation of images that reflect the history and natural environment of Australia. At the same time, the polymer notes are cleaner than paper notes and easily recyclable. Australia’s currency comprises coins of 5, 10, 20 and 50 cent and one and two dollar denominations; and notes of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollar denominations.
AUSTRALIA GOVERNMENT. About Australia. Disponível em: www.newzealand.com. Acesso em: 7 dez. 2011.
O governo da Austrália, por meio de seu Departamento de Assuntos Estrangeiros, divulga inovações tecnológicas desse país. Associando as informações apresentadas na busca pelo tema, percebe-se que o texto se refere
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Ebonics
The word ebonics is made up of two words. Ebony, which means black and phonics, which refers to sound. It is a systematic rule-governed natural speech that is consistent as any other language in sentence structure.
This is referred to as syntax. What makes this speech pattern uniquely different to “so called” American Standard English is its verb tense or lack of it. An example of this can be seen in the sentence, “He is sick today”. This same sentence translated in ebonics would read, “He sick today”.
As you can see the verb has been omitted. However, this speech pattern is consistently used. Major controversy has arisen whether or not ebonics is a separate language or simply a dialect. In doing my research, I have found that most linguists take the position that ebonics is a dialect. What distinguishes dialect from language is that in dialect two speakers share most or some of the same vocabulary and is recognizable and understandable. In contrast, separate languages are present only when the inability to communicate verbally occurs.
Disponível em: www.writework.com. Acesso em: 17 ago. 2011 (adaptado).
A linguística é a ciência que se interessa pela linguagem humana em seus mais diferentes aspectos, e assim nos ajuda a pensar sobre a diversidade cultural e linguística.
Nesse texto, a questão da diversidade linguística é discutida por meio
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The art of happiness
Nearly every time you see him, he’s laughing or at least smiling. And he makes everyone else around him feel like smiling. He’s the Dalai Lama, the spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet, a Nobel Prize winner, and an increasingly popular speaker and statesman. Why is he so popular? Even after spending only a few minutes in his presence you can’t help feeling happier. If you ask him if he’s happy, even though he’s suffered the loss of his country, the Dalai Lama will give you an unconditional yes. What’s more, he’ll tell you that happiness is the purpose of life, and that “the very motion of our life is towards happiness”. How to get there has always been the question. He’s tried to answer it before, but he’s never had the help of a psychiatrist to get the message across in a context we can easily understand.
LAMA, D.; CUTLER, H. The Art of Happiness: a handbook for living. Putnam Books, 1998.
Pelo título e pela sinopse do livro de Lama e Cutler, constata-se que o tema da obra é
>
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Cyberbullying is harassment through electronic means such as telephone text messages, social media such as Facebook and Twitter or online blogs and bulletin boards. In normal bullying, students are given a daily break from the torment as bully and victim each go to their separate homes. But for victims of cyberbullying, there is no reprieve, as the abuse enters into their private lives. In the US, there are at least 44 states that have anti-bullying laws on the books. While only six of them use the actual word “cyberbullying”, 31 others have laws that specifically mention “electronic harassment”.
Prosecution in the UK is a little more difficult. While all schools are required to have anti-bullying policies in place, cyberbullying itself is not named as a criminal offence. Offenders in the UK would have to be charged under various other laws, including the Protection from Harassment Act of 2003. This makes prosecution much more difficult.
Authorities agree that in order to stop cyberbullying, there has to be parental involvement. Parents need to be vigilant about their children’s access to technology. They should monitor their children’s use of social media, especially children under the age of 14. Bullies are not going to simply disappear, but parents can go a long way in protecting their children from being bullied.
Go! English, ano II, n. 14 (fragmento).
De acordo com o texto, nos Estados Unidos, alguns estados têm leis específicas para assédio via meios eletrônicos. Já no Reino Unido, a instauração de processos contra praticantes de cyberbullying é mais difícil porque
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Movie: Hijras – The Third Gender
Director: Devika Urvashi Bhisé
Duration: 29 minutes
Hijras are the outcastes of Indian society and live on its fringes. These eunuchs (originally only castrated males) were once employed by sultans and maharajas to guard the women in their harems. Now shunned by society, they are treated with less respect than the Dalits, or untouchables. Considered neither men nor women, Hijras have no constitutional rights. Currently, there is an ongoing debate in India regarding whether or not they should be granted the status of a third gender.
Most hijras are genetically born as men, but believe they are women within. The rest are hermaphrodites with some abnormality in genitalia. For those born men, becoming a hijra is a painful process that involves removing the entire genitalia in a secret ceremony that is often undergone without any anesthetic.
Currently, most hijras have only three ways in which they can make a living: prostitution, begging, and as performing shamans removing bad luck and/or spells from suspicious Indian households. Sex work is one of the only options for hijras because there are few employment opportunities available to them. Hijras are most commonly seen knocking on car windows, begging for money at stoplights. Although hijras are feared for their dissimilarities, they are also revered for their alleged mystical abilities. Most Indian families seek their blessings during any auspicious ceremony such as a birth, a wedding, or the building of a new house.
As pariahs of society, they are subjected to prejudice that is often translated into verbal abuse, humiliation, extreme discrimination, and violence in public as well as private venues. I have documented a short film to create awareness of the plight of this segment of society and allow their voices to be heard. I was privileged to share this community’s inner life and have tried to capture its stark reality as a friend rather than a voyeur. The filming took place from June 2008 to September 2008 in various cities and locations in India.
Disponível em: www.engendered.org. Acesso em: 25 fev. 2012.
O filme Hijras – The Third Gender tem como objetivo chamar atenção para a situação vivida por um segmento da sociedade indiana, os hijras. De acordo com o que se captura dessas vozes no filme e do que se lê no texto, esse segmento reivindica
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